這幾天最聳動的新聞是「莎朗史東中風腦出血9天 醒來後發現5.8億財產被掏空」[1]。莎朗史東,曾經的性感女神、艾美獎與金球獎得主,卻在43歲那年突發腦中風,失去了左耳的聽力、癲癇不定時發作、平衡感和肌耐力大受影響。
腦中風是最常見的神經系統疾病,根據衛生福利部統計,國人十大死因中,腦血管疾病占國人10大死因的第2-4位,平均每年奪走1萬多條寶貴的性命,中風造成的失能也不容小覷[2]。腦中風一般主要可分兩類,包括缺血型腦中風及出血型腦中風。缺血型腦中風大約佔近八成,主要因腦血管阻塞而導致腦細胞缺血;而出血型腦中風佔約兩成,常由血管破裂或血管結構異常引起。中風除了可能引起嗅覺、視覺、觸覺的損失或變化之外,造成神經肌肉系統的影響而導致肢體的偏癱、痙攣、不正常的肌肉張力與關節攣縮、平衡、行走能力、協調能力、日常生活功能受損等,都大大影響中風個案及其家庭生活。
莎朗史東花了七年的時間復健才逐漸回復健康,復健的過程是辛苦的,有賴各種專業的投入,如物理治療師、職能治療師、聽語治療師等,以及患者與家人的付出。由於復健過程往往需要往返醫療院所並投入長時間的治療,不僅舟車勞頓、有時也出現診間人滿為患、時段難求的狀況,許多研究學者及臨床工作者也因應需求著墨在復健科技輔助的研究。
這幾年因為資通訊技術的發展,陸續有許多相應的智能復健科技研發,如使用肌腱固定誘導抓握(tenodesis-induced-grip)的上肢外骨骼機器人(exoskeleton robot) [3]、使用下肢外骨骼機器人改善中風個案行走能力[4]、結合任務導向訓練(task-oriented training)的居家復健平台[5]、結合沉浸式虛擬實境(immersive virtual reality)與鏡像治療(mirror therapy)促進中風個案上肢功能復原[6]、使用鏡像治療結合手部機器人-希望之手(Hand of Hope)對臨床效益之觀察[7]、使用任天堂遊戲健身環大冒險(Switch RingFit Adventure)於居家復健之效益評估(研究進行中)[8]、使用Wii Fit 改善中風個案的功能性活動能力和軀幹協調伸展能力[9]、使用機器人輔助復健改善中風後肩部疼痛問題(post-stroke shoulder pain)[10]、使用腕戴式穿戴式感測器偵測患肢使用及功能恢復狀況[11]、使用低頻重複經顱磁刺激(low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, LF-rTMS)改善中風個案的步態功能[12]、使用雙向織物材質機器手套輔助中風個案手部功能[13]等。
由於目前智能復健科技尚未佈建完善的給付制度,商業模式也有待探索證實,故其於臨床的應用目前多屬於研究性質、規模較小。中風復健是一條艱辛的路程,把握中風六個月的復原黃金時期積極治療更是中風患者的迫切需求[14,15],期待未來透過智能復健科技的輔助,能協助更多中風個案及早逐步恢復健康。
參考文獻
1. Yahoo! 新聞. Available:
https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E8%8E%8E%E6%9C%97%E5%8F%B2%E6%9D%B1%E4%B8%AD%E9%A2%A8%E8%85%A6%E5%87%BA%E8%A1%809%E5%A4%A9-%E5%BA%B7%E5%BE%A9%E5%BE%8C%E7%99%BC%E7%8F%BE5-8%E5%84%84%E8%B2%A1%E7%94%A2%E8%A2%AB%E6%B8%85%E7%A9%BA-145808326.html
2. 衛生福利部國民健康署. Available: https://www.hpa.gov.tw/Pages/List.aspx?nodeid=213
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4. Chuang YC, Tsai YL, Lin TT, Ou-Yang LJ, Lee YC, Cheng YY, Liu CC, Hsu CS. Effects of soft robotic exosuit on ambulation ability in stroke patients: a systematic review. Biomed Eng Online. 2023 Sep 5;22(1):88.
5. Lin CC, Lin YC, Hsu HY, Lin YS, Su FC, Kuo LC. Home-based tele-rehabilitation system provides task-oriented training courses based on the stages of stroke, 2021 IEEE Region 10 Symposium (TENSYMP), Jeju, Korea, Republic of, 2021, pp. 1-5
6. Weber LM, Nilsen DM, Gillen G, Yoon J, Stein J. Immersive Virtual Reality Mirror Therapy for Upper Limb Recovery After Stroke: A Pilot Study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2019 Sep;98(9):783-788.
7. Chen YW, Li KY, Lin CH, Hung PH, Lai HT, Wu CY. The effect of sequential combination of mirror therapy and robot-assisted therapy on motor function, daily function, and self-efficacy after stroke. Sci Rep. 2023 Oct 6;13(1):16841.
8. Kang D, Park J, Eun SD. Home-Based Virtual Reality Exergame Program after Stroke Rehabilitation for Patients with Stroke: A Study Protocol for a Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial. Life (Basel). 2023 Nov 26;13(12):2256.
9. Sultan N, Khushnood K, Qureshi S, Altaf S, Khan MK, Malik AN, Mehmood R, Awan MMA. Effects of Virtual Reality Training Using Xbox Kinect on Balance, Postural Control, and Functional Independence in Subjects with Stroke. Games Health J. 2023 Dec;12(6):440-444.
10. Gnasso R, Palermi S, Picone A, Tarantino D, Fusco G, Messina MM, Sirico F. Robotic-Assisted Rehabilitation for Post-Stroke Shoulder Pain: A Systematic Review. Sensors (Basel). 2023 Oct 3;23(19):8239.
11. Demers M, Bishop L, Cain A, Saba J, Rowe J, Zondervan DK, Winstein CJ. Wearable Technology to Capture Arm Use of People With Stroke in Home and Community Settings: Feasibility and Early Insights on Motor Performance. Phys Ther. 2024 Feb 1;104(2):pzad172.
12. Wang L, Wang L, Wang Z, Gao F, Wu J, Tang H. Clinical Effect Analysis of Wearable Sensor Technology-Based Gait Function Analysis in Post-Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Stroke Patients. Sensors (Basel). 2024 May 11;24(10):3051.
13. Lim DY, Lai HS, Yeow RC. A bidirectional fabric-based soft robotic glove for hand function assistance in patients with chronic stroke. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2023 Sep 21;20(1):120.
14. Ferrucci L, Bandinelli S, Guralnik JM, Lamponi M, Bertini C, Falchini M, Baroni A. Recovery of functional status after stroke. A postrehabilitation follow-up study. Stroke. 1993 Feb;24(2):200-5.
15. Lee KB, Lim SH, Kim KH, Kim KJ, Kim YR, Chang WN, Yeom JW, Kim YD, Hwang BY. Six-month functional recovery of stroke patients: a multi-time-point study. Int J Rehabil Res. 2015 Jun;38(2):173-80.
作者資訊
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林摯鈞 |
義守大學物理治療學系 |
助理教授 |
chihchunlin@isu.edu.tw |